Mechanical stretch: physiological and pathological implications for human vascular endothelial cells

Jufri, Nurul F.; Mohamedali, Abidali; Avolio, Alberto; Baker, Mark S.

doi:10.1186/s13221-015-0033-z

Vascular Cell

Table 1 Mechanical stretch induces various biological processes in endothelial cells

From: Mechanical stretch: physiological and pathological implications for human vascular endothelial cells

	Cell type	Stretch intensity	Observation/Measurement	Biological process	Reference
1	HUVEC	10 %	↑ actin	Morphology	Yoshigi et al. 2003 [29]
2	HUVEC	10 %	Cells oriented 65 ° to stretch direction	Morphology	Barron et al. 2007 [32]
3	HUVEC	0–110 %	Cells oriented 47.8 ° at 100 %	Morphology	Takemasa et al. 1998 [27]
4	HAEC	10 %	Cells oriented at 70/90 °	Morphology	Wang et al. 2001 [34]
5	HUVEC	0–25 %	Cells oriented at 60–70 ° at 10–15 % stretch	Morphology	Haghighipour et al. 2010 [94]
6	HUVEC	10 %	Perpendicular cell’s orientation	Morphology	Moretti et al. 2004 [31]
7	HUVEC	20 %	Paxillin needed for initial cell orientation	Morphology	Huang et al. 2012 [30]
8	BAEC	1–10 %	Rho proteins for perpendicular alignment	Morphology	Kaunas et al. 2005 [35]
9	BAEC	1–10 %	↑ JNK (2.6-fold) at 30 min	Morphology	Kaunas et al. 2006 [36]
10	HUVEC	120 %	↑ CAMP (3-fold)	Morphology	Yamada et al. 2000 [96]
11	HUVEC	Local stretch by microneedle	↑ Src homology 2-containing tyrosine phosphatase	Morphology	Ueki et al. 2009 [25]
12	BAEC	5–30 %	↑ Hsp 25 (relative activity 40 %)	Morphology	Luo et al. 2007 [38]
12	BAEC	5–30 %	↑ Hsp 70 (relative activity 60 %)	Morphology	Luo et al. 2007 [38]
13	BAEC	10 %	↑ JNK (5-fold)	Morphology	Hsu et al. 2010 [37]
			↑ ERK (4-fold)
			↑ p38 (4-fold)
14	HUVEC	120 %	↑ Ca²⁺	Calcium influx	Naruse et al. 1998 [14]
15	BCE	10/15 %	↑ Ca²⁺ (2-fold) via transient receptor potential vanilloid 4	Calcium influx	Thodeti et al. 2009 [13]
16	bEND	20/35/55 %	↑ Ca²⁺ via transient receptor potential channels	Calcium influx	Berrout et al. 2012 [16]
17	HUVEC	20 %	↑ c-src (3.2-fold) at 15 min	Mechanotransduction	Naruse et al. 1998 [97]
18	HUVEC	20 %	↑ pp125^FAK	Mechanotransduction	Naruse et al. 1998 [98]
19	BAEC	10 %	↑ p21ras (24.7 % ratio) at 1 min	Mechanotransduction	Ikeda et al. 1999 [22]
20	HUVEC	20 %	↑ tyrosine phosphorylation (>2000 arbitrary unit)	Mechanotransduction	Katanosaka et al. 2008 [20]
21	BAEC	5–25 %	↑ ERK at 15 mins	Mechanotransduction	Shi et al. 2007 [23]
22	HUVEC	120 %	↑ integrin beta-3 (171 %) at 4 h	Adhesive	Suzuki et al. 1997 [17]
23	HAEC	5–20 %	↑ Akt phosphorylation at 5 %, 10 min (6000 arbitrary unit)	Apoptosis	Kou et al. 2009 [77]
23	HAEC	5–20 %	↑ Akt phosphorylation at 20 %, 30 min (1000 arbitrary unit)	Apoptosis	Kou et al. 2009 [77]
24	BAEC	6–10/20 %	↑ Akt phosphorylation and ↑ Bad phosphorylation in presence of TNFα at 6 %	Apoptosis	Liu et al. 2003 [45]
25	BAEC	10 %	↑ Akt phosphorylation at Ser 473 at 30–60 mins	Apoptosis	Nishimura et al. 2006 [78]
26	BAEC	10 %	↑ S6K phosphorylation (1.5-fold) at 30 mins	Proliferation	Li and Sumpio 2005 [1]
27	BAEC	20 %	↑ Rac1 (5-fold)	Proliferation	Liu et al. 2007 [56]
28	HUVEC	20 %	↑ c-Myc (2–3-fold) at 1–2 h	Proliferation	Hurley et al. 2010 [57]
29	Vein graft	15 %	↑ Egr-1 (5.5-fold) at 90 mins	Proliferation	Zhang et al. 2013 [58]
	HUVEC	20 %	↑ MMP-2 (3.7-fold) at 18 h	Extracellular matrix	Wang et al. 2003 [44]
	HUVEC	20 %	↑ MMP-14 (3-fold) at 18 h	Extracellular matrix	Wang et al. 2003 [44]
30	BAEC	5 %	↑ MMP-2 (8-fold) at 8 h	Extracellular matrix	von Offenberg Sweeney et al. 2004 [43]
31	BCEC	0–28 %	↑ pro MMP-2	Extracellular matrix	Shukla et al. 2004 [99]
32	HUVEC	15 %	↑ MCP-1 (200 %) at 6 h	Inflammation	Demicheva et al. 2008 [100]
33	HUVEC	125/150 %	↑ IL-6 (3-fold) at 90 min	Inflammation	Kobayashi et al. 2003 [75]
34	HUVEC	0–10 %	↑ COX-2 (2.5-fold) at 3 h	Inflammation	Zhao et al. 2009 [101]
34	HUVEC	0–10 %	↑ thromboxane A₂ synthase (150 %)	Inflammation	Zhao et al. 2009 [101]
35	HUVEC	120–150 %	↑ von Willebrand factor to 5 mU/L at 60 min	Inflammation	Xiong et al. 2013 [74]
36	HUVEC	6–15 %	↑ IL-8 (2.6-fold)	Inflammation	Okada et al. 1998 [80]
36	HUVEC	6–15 %	↑ MCP-1 (2.8-fold)	Inflammation	Okada et al. 1998 [80]
37	HUVEC	12–25 %	↓ MCP-1 by exposure of nitric oxide donor	Inflammation	Wung et al. 2001 [102]
38	BAEC	0–10 %	MMP-9 silencing block migration and tube formation	Angiogenesis	von Offenberg Sweeney et al. 2005 [55]
39	BAEC	10 %	Endothelial cord aligning to 67.5–90°	Angiogenesis	Joung et al. 2006 [2]
40	HUVEC	6–13 %	↑ Ang-2 (4.8-fold)	Angiogenesis	Yung et al. 2009 [54]
40	HUVEC	6–13 %	PDGF-ββ (↑ 5.0-fold)	Angiogenesis	Yung et al. 2009 [54]
41	CMEC	10 %	↑ VEGF (1.4-fold)	Angiogenesis	Zheng et al. 2001 [51]
42	CMEC	10 %	↑ VEGF-R2 (3.2-fold)	Angiogenesis	Zheng et al. 2008 [48]
42	CMEC	10 %	↑ Tie-2 (1.8-fold)	Angiogenesis	Zheng et al. 2008 [48]
43	BAEC	10/20 %	↑ angiogenesis	Angiogenesis	Wilkins et al. 2014 [52]
44	HUVEC	15 %	↑ Flk-1 (1.7-fold)	Angiogenesis	Zheng et al. 2004 [47]
			↑ Tie-1 (2-fold)
			↑ Tie-2 (1.9-fold)
45	HUVEC	10 %	↑ Alpha smooth muscle actin (1.6-fold)	Transdifferentiation	Shoajei et al. 2014 [84]
45	HUVEC	10 %	↑ Smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (1.3-fold)	Transdifferentiation	Shoajei et al. 2014 [84]
46	HUVEC	10 %	↑ Alpha smooth muscle actin (165 %)	Transdifferentiation	Cevallos et al. 2006 [83]
			↑ Caldesmon-1 (443 %)
			↑ Smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (205 %)
			↑ Calponin-1 (174 %)
47	HUVEC	10/20 %	↑ Young’s modulus of elasticity	Stiffening	Hatami et al. 2013 [82]
48	BAEC	120 %	↑ eNOS phosphorylation (1.8 arbitrary unit)	Vascular tone	Takeda et al. 2006 [62]
48	BAEC	120 %	↑ NO (1.4-fold)	Vascular tone	Takeda et al. 2006 [62]
49	HUVEC	20–50 %	↑ eNOS (7-fold) at 50 %	Vascular tone	Hu et al. 2013 [5]
50	HUVEC	25 %	↑ Et-1 (2.3-fold)	Vascular tone	Cheng et al. 2001 [4]
51	HUVEC	10 %	↑ Et-1 (1.6-fold)	Vascular tone	Toda et al. 2008 [64]
52	HUVEC	6 %	↑ 8,9-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) (4–8-fold)	Vascular tone	Fisslthaler et al. 2001 [63]
53	HUVEC	100–250 %	↑ glutathione peroxidase to 200 %	ROS	Wagner et al. 2009 [71]
54	HAEC	8–20 %	↑ p66^Shc (150–200-fold)	ROS	Spescha et al. 2014 [70]
55	HUVEC	5–12 %	↓ Nox4 (40 %) 12 %, 24 h	ROS	Goettsch et al. 2009 [67]
			↑ eNOS (3-fold) at 12 %, 24 h
			↑ NO (2 uM) at 5 %, 24 h
56	HUVEC	25 %	↑ ROS (221 %), 6 h	ROS	Ali et al. 2004 [68]
56	HUVEC	25 %	↑ VCAM-1	ROS	Ali et al. 2004 [68]
57	BAEC	25 %	↑ FAK phosphorylation	ROS	Ali et al. 2006 [66]

HUVECs Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells, HAECs Human aortic endothelial cells, BAECs Bovine arterial endothelial cells, BCE Bovine capillary endothelial cells, bEND Brain microvessel endothelial cells, BCECs Brain capillary endothelial cells, CMECs Coronary microvascular endothelial cells

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