Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of jaw (BRONJ): diagnostic criteria and possible pathogenic mechanisms of an unexpected anti-angiogenic side effect

Table 1 Bisphosphonates: types and mode of action

Generation	Type	Examples	Mode of action
First	NNBPs	Etidronate	Formation of an ATP derivative that impairs osteoclast function and induces osteoclastic apoptosis
		Clodronate
		Tiludronate
Second	Alkyl-amino NBPs	Pamidronate	Inhibits sterol synthesis via the mevalonate pathway specifically inhibiting its Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) enzyme
		Alendronate
		Ibandronate
		Olpadronate
Third	Heterocyclic NBPs	Risedronate	Inhibits FPPS enzyme and stabilize conformational changes
		Zoledronate

ISSN: 2045-824X