Table 2 Effect of cardiovascular diseases on EPC number and function

Acute coronary syndrome

Increased EPC number and function

Circulating EPC (CD34, 45,133)

CFU-ECs

[45–48]

Atherosclerotic disease progression

Reduced EPC number

Circulating EPC (CD14)

CFU-ECs

[37]

Severity of coronary artery disease

Reduced EPC number/Increased EPC number

Circulating EPC (CD34, 133, KDR)

CFU-ECs

[34, 42, 43]

Heart failure

Increased EPC number at early mild heart failure, decreased EPC number in severe heart failure

CFU-ECs

[52, 53]